ballistics

Cours de base de balistique extérieure

Balles en vol: la balistique extérieure pratique

Buts du cours

Connaître: Expliquer simplement les notions fondamentales (coefficient balistique,
mécanique de la dérive au vent, l'atmosphère, etc. etc.). Présenter l'influence des facteurs
différents sur la trajectoire.
Savoir: Apprendre au tireur à prédire le point d'impact de ses balles à longue distance,
calculer ses propres tables balistiques / abaques, et pouvoir trouver les réponses à des

French

Montage d'une lunette: comment trouver la pente d'inclinaison nécessaire

Quand on tourne les tambours d'une lunette de tir, à l'intérieur bouge la lentille qui a le réticule gravé dessus. Ce déplacement se traduit en ajustement d'angle de la ligne de visée.

Pour expliquer la suite, prenons comme exemple la lunette S&B PM2 3-12x50 DT avec les clicks de 0.1 mrad, montée sur une carabine K31 en 7.5/GP11. Pour toute autre arme, calibre et lunette le raisonnement est le même.

La lentille/réticule à l'intérieur de la lunette a une certaine plage de débattement. Pour une S&B PM2 3-12x la plage d'ajustement est de 220 clicks = 22 mrad d'angle.

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Clicks: mrad vs. MOA – comment ça fonctionne

Autant le degré que le radian sont des mesures d'angle.

Dans un cercle complet, il y a 360 degrés, ou 2 * Pi ~= 6.2831 radians (Pi = 3.14159...)

Une minute d'angle – 1 MOA – est 1/60 d'un degré.
Un milliradian – 1 mrad – est 1/1000 d'un radian.

La conversion:
1 mrad ~= 3.44 MOA
1 MOA ~= 0.291 mrad

Les degrés ne correspondent à rien.
Les radians correspondent à la longueur d'arc. Par exemple, prenons un cas qui nous intéresse – celui d'une pizza:

French

Inclined Fire, part #4: 2I2R in practice (prototyping)

Now that we have mastered the arcane science of the world's best heuristic method to estimate slope dope, how would we live with this knowledge in real life? Even the best method is pointless without an action plan.

Let's start with border conditions, where heuristics still make sense. The logic is simple:

English

Inclined Fire, part #3.5bis: 2I2R for victims of MOA

And now folks, a special edition of the 2I2R for unfortunate owners of scopes with clicks graduated in ¼MOA. (Many of my good friends fell victims of this perversion; US manufacturers of [otherwise excellent] scopes seem to love this.)

Improved Rifleman's rule:
1. Measure the inclination α;
2. Measure the slant distance (along LOS) D;
3. Look up bullet path (come-up) in ballistic table as if shooting at distance D horizontally;
4. Multiply this correction by cos(α).

English

Inclined Fire, part #3.5: Even Better Rifleman's Rule

Here it comes.

EBRR?
or
Increasingly Improved Rifleman's Rule = IIRR? 2I2R = two-eye-two-arr?

Naming contest is still ongoing, suggestions are welcome.


When analyzing errors of Improved Rifleman's Rule (which appeared the most promising), I noticed that they are more or less (well enough for a heuristic method) linear in distance, at least for angles beyond ±20º.

GP11 Improved Rifleman's Rule errors, 0.1 mrad clicks

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Inclined Fire, part #3.4: Sierra's

Now we proceed to the most accurate approximate method used by Sierra Bullets. Only proper ballistic calculator can do better.

But there's no free lunch - we'll need information not normally found in ballistic tables, namely vertical bullet drop at various distances. See the following picture for explanation.

As before, red line (LOS) goes straight from shooter's eye to target. Green line is bore axis.

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Inclined Fire, part #3.3: Improved Rifleman's Rule

The next step towards perfection is attributed to señor Tiro Fijo of Paraguay. It's called "Improved Rifleman's Rule", the only difference being that correction is applied not to distance, but to correction. To wit,

1. Measure the inclination α;
2. Measure the slant distance (along LOS) D;
3. Look up bullet path (come-up) in ballistic table as if shooting at distance D
horizontally;
4. Multiply this correction (and not distance D) by cos(α).

And we get the following:

GP11 vertical miss distance, cm

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Inclined Fire, part #3.2: Rifleman's rule

Moving on to the most popular empirical method - Rifleman's rule.

The idea is very simple:

1. Measure inclination α;
2. Measure distance to target D (along line of sight);
3. Calculate equivalent horizontal distance De = D * cos(α);
4. Look up compensation as if shooting horizontally at distance De.

English

Inclined Fire, part #3.1: NDS, or the fall of the favorite

I started with NDS method first because their other methodologies seem to be simple,
straightforward, and highly applicable. I consider their sniper/DMR training and Perotti's
book on sniping top of the line.

In that book, "From 1 to 1,000", inclined fire is covered by a couple of paragraphs that say approximately the following:

English

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